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Sains Malaysiana 53(8)(2024): 1873-1887
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5308-12
Ingestion
of Microplastics in the Planktonic Copepod from the
Indonesian Throughflow Pathways
(Pengambilan Mikroplastik dalam Kopepod Planktonik dari Laluan Arus Lintas Indonesia)
CORRY YANTI MANULLANG1,2,3,
MUFTI PETALA PATRIA1,*, AGUS HARYONO4,
SABIQAH TUAN ANUAR 5,6, RADEN DWI SUSANTO7,8, MALIK SUDIN
ABDUL2, MUHAMMAD FADLI2,3 & ZEXUN WEI9
1Department of Biology,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia, 16424, Depok, Indonesia
2Research Center for Deep
Sea, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 97233, Ambon, Indonesia
3Center for Collaborative
Research on Aquatic Ecosystem in Eastern Indonesia, 97233, Ambon, Indonesia
4Research Center for
Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 15314, Serpong, Indonesia
5Faculty of Science &
Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
6Microplastic Research
Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030
Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
7Department of Atmospheric
and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
8Marine-Estuarine and
Environmental Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742, USA
9First Institute
Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, P.R. China
Diserahkan: 7 Mac
2024/Diterima: 28 Jun 2024
Abstract
Zooplankton
are vulnerable to microplastics in the waters due to
their indiscriminate feeding habits. Zooplankton consumption of microplastics affects microplastic accumulation and transmission in the marine ecosystem. Therefore, it is
essential to know the intake and transmission by different group sizes of
zooplankton in natural seawater. This study documented for the first time the
levels of microplastics found in three sizes of
copepods along the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF)
pathways. The ingestion rates were 0.028, 0.023 and 0.016 n/ind for group sizes copepod 1000-2000 µm, 500-1000 µm and 200-500 µm, respectively.
There was no significant distinction in the microplastics concentrations of the three groups of copepod classes along the ITF pathway
(p>0.005). Fiber microplastics were the most
dominant in the body of copepods, constituting 87.22% of ingested microplastics. In terms of the chemical composition of the microplastic, a total of 7 polymers were detected in
copepods in the ITF pathway. The three predominant polymer types identified
were polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl ether maleic
anhydride (PVEMA) and polyester (PES) (27%, 27% and 20%, respectively). This
study provides the critical parameters of the microplastic in copepods in the ITF pathway and is an essential basis for further ecological
risk assessments of microplastics in biota species.
Keywords: Copepod;
Indonesian throughflow; microplastic;
zooplankton
AbstraK
Zooplankton terdedah kepada mikroplastik di perairan kerana tabiat pemakanan mereka yang tidak memilih. Pengambilan mikroplastik oleh zooplankton menjejaskan pengumpulan dan pemindahan mikroplastik dalam ekosistem marin. Oleh itu, adalah penting untuk mengetahui pengambilan dan pemindahan mengikut saiz kumpulan zooplankton yang berbeza di dalam air laut. Kajian ini pertama kalinya mendokumenkan tahap mikroplastik yang ditemui dalam tiga saiz kopepod di sepanjang laluan Arus Lintas Indonesia
(ITF). Kadar pengingesan adalah 0.028, 0.023 dan 0.016 n/ind untuk saiz kumpulan kopepod masing-masing adalah 1000-2000 µm,
500-1000 µm dan 200-500 µm. Tiada perbezaan ketara dalam kepekatan mikroplastik tiga kumpulan kelas kopepod di sepanjang laluan ITF (p>0.005). Mikroplastik gentian adalah yang paling dominan dalam badan kopepod, membentuk 87.22% daripada mikroplastik yang tertelan. Dari segi komposisi kimia mikroplastik, sejumlah 7 polimer telah dikesan dalam kopepod dalam Laluan ITF. Tiga jenis polimer utama yang dikenal pasti ialah polivinil butiral (PVB), polivinil eter malik anhidrida (PVEMA) dan poliester (PES)
(masing-masing 27%, 27% dan 20%). Kajian ini menyediakan parameter kritikal mikroplastik dalam kopepod dalam laluan ITF dan merupakan asas penting untuk penilaian risiko ekologi lanjutan mikroplastik dalam spesies biota.
Kata kunci: Arus Lintas
Indonesia (ITF); kopepod; mikroplastik;
zooplankton
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mpatria@sci.ui.ac.id
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